Top 10 molecules predicted to fight aging

In search for geroprotectors: in silico screening and in vitro validation of signalome-level mimetics of young healthy state

One  more brilliant paper from Insilico Inc. for increasing life expectancy. A recent paper showed longevity effect of following 10 compounds (table 1). May be some day we will be able to live longer life. For details click on the above mentioned link. Paper if available free online.

Table 1. Letter codes for the test conditions.

Cells	Substance	Code
young	-	Y
old	-	O
old	Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA)	A
old	Myricetin	B
old	HA-1004	C
old	7-Cyclopentyl-5-(4-phenoxy)phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-ylamine	D
old	Staurosporine	E
old	Ursolic acid	F
old	N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC)	G
old	Fasudil (HA-1077)	H
old	PD-98059	I
old	Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)	J

Aging.AI 2.0 launches to provide a biomarker of aging with less parameters

Aging.AI 2.0 is now available for testing. Please use your recent blood test to guess your age. 

The system is available at http://www.Aging.AI

Citation (full text):

Putin, Evgeny, Polina Mamoshina, Alexander Aliper, Mikhail Korzinkin, Alexey Moskalev, Alexey Kolosov, Alexander Ostrovskiy, Charles Cantor, Jan Vijg, and Alex Zhavoronkov. "Deep biomarkers of human aging: Application of deep neural networks to biomarker development." Aging 8, no. 5 (2016): 1-021.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27191382
http://www.aging-us.com/article/SzdNR3HCatAdyvwPR/text

Fighting Drug Resistant Cancer Using Immuno Therapy

Cancer is a notorious medical anomaly that often gets resistant to chemotherapy. Hence, newer methods are constantly being explored for fighting against it. List of Commonly Used Chemotherapy and their potential side effects are listed in my previous blog. Usually, these drugs

are given in combination to fight cancer at molecular level.

Cancer can be classified on organ system level and molecular level. For eg. breast cancer is a carcinoma of breast tissue that is different from brain tumor, pancreatic cancer and other cancer types. Breast cancer also shows perturbations in expression of variety of receptors and proteins. Hence, it can be  classified further as

i)    Basal Type or Triple Negative
ii)   HER2 positive breast cancer
iii)  Luminal A
iv)  Luminal B breast cancer cases

Similarly, most cancer shows variation in the expression levels of genes and their respective proteins. Hence targeting specific molecular pathways on a personalised level has been the focus of the cancer treatments and research.  There are antibodies been developed to fight most cancers like breast cancer, melanoma and others. Antibodies work via different mechanisms for e.g. anti-HER 2 antibody mechanism is shown in following video

Mechanism of Pertuzumab and Trastuzumab in HER-2 positive breast Cancer

In the present blog we will discuss about the various immuno targeted therapies that are been developed to fight variety of cancer. Cancer immune therapy with mono-clonal antibodies is recently explored extensively for cancer as mono or in combination with conventional small molecular inhibitors.
It is been noted that under normal circumstances genetic mutations in cancer cells present as an antigen to human immune system, which causes development of antibodies that prevents the development of cancer. However, constant evolution of cancer cells causes failure in the immune defence mechanism leading to development of cancer and also causes failure in chemotherapy. Cancer immune therapy is been developed that prevents immune regulatory pathways that causes activation of T cell. Some times cancer cells suppresses T cells via. activation of immune checkpoints like CTLA-4 and PD-1. Monoclonal antibody causes blockage of these check points and renders cancer preventive immunity, which provides a desired anticancer pharmacological response. List of monoclonal antibodies used for the cancer therapy is covered in my previous blog post about "chemotherapy against most common type of cancer". Detailed mode of action of immunotherapy against melanoma using check point directed inhibition is shown in following video.

Immunotherapy Basics and Use of PD-1 and CTLA-4 blockade by Antibody

Inspite of the fantastic strategy to kill cancer cell by boosting human immunity; there are reports of immune therapy resistant cancers. These are mostly formed as the monoclonal antibodies fails to provide protection against activation of concomitant multiple pathways that helps in cancer proliferation.  In order to boost effect of monoclonal antibodies they are mostly given in combination with small molecule inhibitors. Insilico Inc. has come up with a unique method to boost the effect of currently used monoclonal antibodies for cancer therapy.

Insilico Inc. is a computational company based in John HopKins university. They are known for developing computer based strategies for fighting ageing and cancer. One of the ongoing work at Insilico Inc. is focused on measurement and analysis of perturbations happening in the cellular pathways in patients that gives positive or negative response to the checkpoint inhibitors. This novel strategy is aimed to provide potential inhibitors that may help in boosting the pharmacological response of monoclonal antibodies. 

Insilico Inc. has identified 12 lead molecules and looking for partnership to test these molecules under in vitro and in vivo settings to fight against cancer 

These 12 leads are the part of DeepPharma AI developed by Insilico Inc that alsolarge number of molecules that are predicted to be effective against age related conditions like CVD, CNS. Public sector academic groups and private sector organisations can contact Insilico Inc to test their lead molecules and find newer molecules to fight cancer and ageing. Their recent paper on "Deep Learning Applications for Predicting Pharmacological Properties of Drugs and Drug Repurposing Using Transcriptomic Data" received editor choice award by American Chemical Society. They are known for their collaborative efforts to find newer and better solution for ageing and cancer.

Clinical Trials For Breast Cancer In US

Figure 1: Illustration of HER2 appearance in cancer cell

In addition to previous reports on the various drugs that are commonly given for the treatment of breast cancer.  However, it is important to note that at the molecular level there are different types of breast cancer. One of the most aggressive form is known as HER2 positive type. As the name suggests HER2 over expressing types are considered to be extremely aggressive in nature. It is also considered as an important biomarker in nearly 30% of the breast cancer conditions. Further, 1 in 5 cancer patients shows up-regulation of HER2 protein. Hence, HER2 targeted therapy has gained momentum in last 1 to 2 decades.

HER2 is a 68kDa protein that helps in the cell growth and development by activation of cascade of cell proliferation pathways associated to RAS, MAP kinases, m-TOR and others as shown in figure 2.  HER2 is a mostly expressed as transmembrane protein that makes this as attractive drug target.

Figure 2 shows that there are two ways to inhibit HER2 receptor. For e.g extracellular domain as the attacking point for monoclonal antibodies and intracellular domain for small molecule inhibitors.

Figure 2: Mechanism of action of HER2 receptor and the respective
inhibitors to exhibit anti-cancer effect.

The figure shows that MEK, PKC and IKK inhibitors  may aid in the HER2 inhibitors. There has been large amount of efforts been made to develop newer drugs that would target HER2 protein. There are large number of clinical trials that are been conducted for HER2 targeted therapy as shown in table below along with their status.

Table 1: highlights the list drugs that are commonly used for HER2 positive breast cancer patients. It also shows the list of clinical trials under recruiting status by clinicaltrials.gov.in 

HER2 Targeted Drugs	Type	Number of Clinical Trial Studies Under Recruiting Status)
Trastuzumab (Herceptin)	Monoclonal Antibody	121 (given in table 2)
Pertuzumab (Perjeta)	Monoclonal Antibody	12 (data download here)
Lapatinib (Tykerb)	Small Molecule	12 (data download here)
Ado-trastuzumab emtansine (Kadcyla, also known as TDM-1)	Monoclonal antibody conjugated to cytoxic molecule	7 (data download here)

All these drugs are either used in combination of each other or in combination of other drugs that can In order to help the community who are suffering from the HER2 positive breast cancer it will be essential for them to know the clinical trials under recruitment process at National Cancer Institute (NCI).

Table 2: List of clinical trial for HER2 positive breast cancer under treatment where the patients are been recruited for the treatment.

S. No.	Title	Interventions	Identification Number
1	Carboplatin+Nab-paclitaxel, Plus Trastuzumab (HER2+) or Bevacizumab (HER2-) in the Neoadjuvant Setting	Drug: Carboplatin|Drug: paclitaxel albumin-stabilized nanoparticle formulation|Drug: bevacizumab|Drug: trastuzumab|Procedure: magnetic resonance imaging|Procedure: therapeutic conventional surgery	NCT00618657
2	An Observational Study of Pregnancy And Pregnancy Outcomes in Women With Breast Cancer Treated With Herceptin, Perjeta In Combination With Herceptin, or Kadcyla During Pregnancy or Within 7 Months Prior To Conception (MotHER)	Biological: Trastuzumab|Biological: HERMyl 1401O Trastuzumab|Drug: Paclitaxel|Drug: Docetaxel	NCT00833963
3	Side Effects Involving the Heart in Women With Breast Cancer Receiving Doxorubicin and Trastuzumab	Drug: Afatinib|Drug: Trastuzumab|Drug: Paclitaxel|Drug: Epirubicin|Drug: Cyclophosphamide	NCT00875238
4	Assessment of Cardiotoxicity by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (CMR) in Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Trastuzumab	Procedure: Cardiac MRI|Biological: Biomarker Testing	NCT01022086
5	Tolerability of the Combination of Lapatinib and Trastuzumab in Adults Age 60 or Older With HER2 Positive Locally Advanced or Metastatic Breast Cancer	Drug: Lapatinib|Drug: Trastuzumab|Other: laboratory biomarker analysis|Other: pharmacological study	NCT01273610
6	Study of BKM120 or BYL719 and Capecitabine in Patients With Metastatic Breast Cancer	Drug: Tesevatinib in combination with Trastuzumab	NCT01300962
7	A Study Of Everolimus, Trastuzumab And Vinorelbine In HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Brain Metastases	Drug: Everolimus|Drug: Vinorelbine|Drug: Trastuzumab	NCT01305941
8	Intrathecal Trastuzumab for Leptomeningeal Metastases in HER2+ Breast Cancer	Radiation: Trastuzumab	NCT01325207
9	Intrathecal Trastuzumab Administration in Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients Developing Carcinomatous Meningitis	Drug: paclitaxel	NCT01373710
10	A Study of Pertuzumab in Combination With Trastuzumab Plus an Aromatase Inhibitor in Patients With Hormone Receptor-Positive, Metastatic HER2-positive Breast Cancer	Drug: capecitabine [Xeloda]|Drug: trastuzumab [Herceptin]	NCT01491737
11	Efficacy Study of Herceptin to Treat HER2-negative CTC Breast Cancer	Drug: trastuzumab	NCT01548677
12	HER2 Imaging Study to Identify HER2 Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer Patient Unlikely to Benefit From T-DM1	Drug: Trastuzumab|Drug: Gemcitabine	NCT01565200
13	Combination Immunotherapy With Herceptin and the HER2 Vaccine NeuVax	Drug: pertuzumab|Drug: Trastuzumab|Drug: Capecitabine|Drug: Paclitaxel|Drug: Vinorelbine|Drug: Docetaxel|Drug: Exemestane|Drug: Letrozole|Drug: Anastrozole|Drug: Fulvestrant|Drug: Tamoxifen	NCT01570036
14	Elderly Metastatic Breast Cancer: Pertuzumab-Herceptin vs Pertuzumab-Herceptin-Metronomic Chemotherapy, Followed by T-DM1	Procedure: PRO Onc Assay and Treatment|Drug: Trastuzumab|Drug: Pertuzumab	NCT01597414
15	Neratinib +/- Fulvestrant in Metastatic HER2 Non-amplified But HER2 Mutant Breast Cancer	Drug: Herceptin|Drug: GM-CSF	NCT01670877
16	Imaging for Response Assessment of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Primary Breast Cancer (GALADON)	Drug: Albumin-bound paclitaxel|Drug: Carboplatin|Drug: Herceptin®	NCT01690325
17	A Combination Study of Kadcyla (Trastuzumab Emtansine) and Capecitabine in Participants With Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2)-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer (mBC) or HER2-Positive Locally Advanced/Metastatic Gastric Cancer (LA/mGC)	Drug: Intra-arterial Cerebral Infusion of Trastuzumab	NCT01702558
18	A Study of Kadcyla (Trastuzumab Emtansine) in Patients With HER2 Positive Breast Cancer Who Have Received Prior Anti-HER2 And Chemotherapy-based Treatment	Drug: Trastuzumab|Drug: GRN 1005	NCT01702571
19	CharactHer. ICORG 12-09, V3	Drug: trastuzumab|Drug: vinorelbine	NCT01722890
20	Ad/HER2/Neu Dendritic Cell Cancer Vaccine Testing	Drug: Afatinib once daily (OD)|Drug: Vinorelbine Weekly	NCT01730118
21	Lapatinib+Vinorelbine vs Vinorelbine HER2 Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer Progressed After Lapatinib/Trastuzumab	Drug: Epirubicin|Drug: Docetaxel|Drug: Trastuzumab|Drug: Carboplatin	NCT01730677
22	Pertuzumab, Trastuzumab, and Paclitaxel Albumin-Stabilized Nanoparticle Formulation in Treating Patients With HER2-Positive Advanced Breast Cancer	Biological: pertuzumab|Biological: trastuzumab|Drug: paclitaxel albumin-stabilized nanoparticle formulation|Other: laboratory biomarker analysis	NCT01730833
23	Paclitaxel and Cyclophosphamide With or Without Trastuzumab Before Surgery in Treating Patients With Previously Untreated Stage I-III Breast Cancer	Drug: paclitaxel|Drug: cyclophosphamide|Biological: trastuzumab|Procedure: therapeutic conventional surgery|Radiation: radiation therapy|Drug: doxorubicin hydrochloride|Other: laboratory biomarker analysis	NCT01750073
24	HELENA Study: An Observational Study of Perjeta (Pertuzumab) in First-Line Treatment in Patients With Her2-Positive Advanced Breast Cancer After Adjuvant Herceptin Therapy	Drug: Docetaxel|Drug: Carboplatin|Drug: Herceptin|Drug: Vinorelbine	NCT01777958
25	Effect of Trastuzumab on Disease Free Survival in Early Stage HER2-Negative Breast Cancer Patients With ERBB2 Expressing Disseminated Tumor Cells	Drug: non-pegylated liposomal doxorubicin|Drug: Carboplatin|Drug: Paclitaxel|Drug: Epirubicin|Drug: Cyclophosphamide|Drug: Pertuzumab|Drug: Trastuzumab|Drug: Ferric carboxymaltose	NCT01779050
26	Phase 1b/2 Trial Using Lapatinib, Everolimus and Capecitabine for Treatment of HER-2 Positive Breast Cancer With CNS Metastasis	Drug: nab-paclitaxel	NCT01783756
27	Pre Operative Trastuzumab in Operable Breast Cancer	Drug: docetaxel+lapatinib|Drug: docetaxel + trastuzumab|Drug: docetaxel + trastuzumab + lapatinib	NCT01785420
28	Paclitaxel + Trastuzumab + Pertuzumab as Pre-Op for Inflammatory BrCa	Drug: Lapatinib and Capecitabine and Vinorelbine	NCT01796197
29	Imaging With 111 Indium (111In)-Pertuzumab (PmAb) to Predict Response to Trastuzumab (TmAb) in Human Epidermal Growth Factor-2 (HER2) Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer (MBC) or Locally Advanced Breast Cancer (LABC)	Drug: Palbociclib|Drug: Trastuzumab|Drug: Letrozole	NCT01805908
30	Ado-Trastuzumab Emtansine in Treating Patients With HER2-Positive Metastatic or Locally Advanced Breast Cancer That Cannot Be Removed by Surgery	Drug: docetaxel|Drug: pertuzumab|Drug: trastuzumab emtansine	NCT01816035
31	A Prospective, Randomized Multicenter, Open-label Comparison of Preoperative Combination of Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab With or Without Concurrent Taxane Chemotherapy Given for Twelve Weeks in Patients With Operable HER2+/HR- Breast Cancer Within the ADAPT Protocol	Drug: Lapatinib|Biological: Trastuzumab	NCT01817452
32	Phase 2 Study of the Monoclonal Antibody MGAH22 (Margetuximab) in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Advanced Breast Cancer	Drug: Lapatinib|Biological: Trastuzumab	NCT01828021
33	Identification of Early Markers of Response and Resistance to Trastuzumab	Drug: Metoprolol|Drug: Placebo|Drug: Candesartan|Drug: Placebo	NCT01834950
34	Study of Propranolol in Newly Diagnosed Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy	Drug: trastuzumab (Herceptin®)|Drug: anastrazole (Arimidex®)	NCT01847001
35	NSABP Biospecimen Discovery Project	Drug: BEZ235 + paclitaxel|Drug: BKM120 + paclitaxel|Drug: BEZ235 + paclitaxel + trastuzumab|Drug: BKM120 + paclitaxel + trastuzumab	NCT01850628
36	T-DM1 vs Paclitaxel/Trastuzumab for Breast (ATEMPT Trial)	Biological: trastuzumab	NCT01853748
37	Phase 2 Trial of Pertuzumab and Trastuzumab With Weekly Paclitaxel and Chemotherapy for HER2 Positive Breast Cancer	Drug: LJM716|Drug: Trastuzumab	NCT01855828
38	Capecitabine, Cyclophosphamide, Lapatinib Ditosylate, and Trastuzumab in Treating Patients With HER2-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer	Drug: capecitabine|Drug: cyclophosphamide|Drug: lapatinib ditosylate|Biological: trastuzumab|Other: laboratory biomarker analysis	NCT01873833
39	Defining the HER2 Positive (+) Breast Cancer Kinome Response to Trastuzumab, Pertuzumab, Combination Trastuzumab +Pertuzumab, or Combination Trastuzumab + Lapatinib	Drug: Trastuzumab|Drug: pertuzumab|Drug: lapatinib	NCT01875666
40	Efficacy and Safety of Bevacizumab in the Neodjuvant Treatment of Inflammatory Breast Cancer	Drug: Standard chemotherapy|Drug: bevacizumab [Avastin]|Drug: trastuzumab [Herceptin]	NCT01880385
41	Phase II Trial to Validate Markers for a Response Evaluation of a Combined Therapy in Patients With HER2+ Breast Cancer	Biological: Margetuximab	NCT01891357
42	Chemotherapy Before Surgery and Tissue Sample Collection in Patients With Stage IIA-IIIC Breast Cancer	Drug: Cyclophosphamide|Other: Cytology Specimen Collection Procedure|Drug: Doxorubicin Hydrochloride|Other: Laboratory Biomarker Analysis|Drug: Paclitaxel|Biological: Trastuzumab	NCT01897441
43	Cardiac Safety Study in Patients With HER2 + Breast Cancer	Drug: Herceptin|Drug: Taxol|Drug: Fluorouracil|Drug: Cytoxan|Drug: Epirubicin	NCT01904903
44	Phase II Study of Eribulin Mesylate, Trastuzumab, and Pertuzumab in Women With Metastatic, Unresectable Locally Advanced, or Locally Recurrent HER2-Positive Breast Cancer	Drug: Pertuzumab, Trastuzumab and Eribulin	NCT01912963
45	Pertuzumab and Trastuzumab as Neoadjuvant Treatment in Patients With HER2-Positive Breast Cancer	Drug: fulvestrant 500 mg|Drug: Docetaxel (T) 75 mg/m2 (Taxotere)|Drug: Trastuzumab (H, 8mg/kg|Drug: Pertuzumab (P, 840 mg	NCT01937117
46	Trastuzumab Combined With Chemotherapy or Endocrine Therapy to Treat Metastatic Luminal B2 Breast Cancer	Drug: doxorubicine, cyclophosphamide, docetaxel|Drug: doxorubicine, cyclophosphamide, trastuzumab, docetaxel|Drug: trastuzumab, docetaxel, carboplatin	NCT01950182
47	IMaging PAtients for Cancer Drug selecTion - Metastatic Breast Cancer	Drug: Standard Therapy|Drug: AMG 386|Drug: AMG 479 (Ganitumab) plus Metformin|Drug: MK-2206 with or without Trastuzumab|Drug: AMG 386 and Trastuzumab|Drug: T-DM1 and Pertuzumab|Drug: Pertuzumab and Trastuzumab|Drug: Ganetespib|Drug: ABT-888|Drug: Neratinib|Drug: PLX3397|Drug: Pembrolizumab	NCT01957332
48	Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab or Bevacizumab With Combination Chemotherapy in Treating Patients With Stage II-III Breast Cancer	Biological: trastuzumab|Biological: Pertuzumab|Drug: docetaxel|Drug: carboplatin|Drug: doxorubicin|Drug: cyclophosphamide|Drug: paclitaxel|Other: laboratory biomarker analysis|Other: pharmacogenomic studies|Drug: Bevacizumab	NCT01959490
49	Validity of HER2-amplified Circulating Tumor Cells to Select Metastatic Bresat Cancer Considered HER2-negative for Trastuzumab-emtansine (T-DM1) Treatment.	Drug: bevacizumab|Drug: no bevacizumab	NCT01975142
50	Phase 1b Study of PD-0332991 in Combination With T-DM1(Trastuzumab-DM1)	Drug: Trastuzumab|Drug: Pertuzumab|Drug: Palbociclib|Drug: Fulvestrant	NCT01976169
51	NK Cell Infusions With Trastuzumab for Patients With HER2+ Breast and Gastric Cancer	Drug: Lapatinib|Biological: Trastuzumab	NCT02030561
52	A Study of Subcutaneous Herceptin (Trastuzumab) Administered at Home By Single-Use Injection Device in Patients With Early HER2-Positive Breast Cancer (HOMERUS)	Drug: Lapatinib plus trastuzumab	NCT02040935
53	Study of Optimizing Neoadjuvant Regimens in Subtypes of Breast Cancer	Drug: Nab-Paclitaxel	NCT02041338
54	Ganetespib, Paclitaxel, Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab for Metastatic Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Positive Breast Cancer	Drug: ganetespib|Drug: paclitaxel|Biological: trastuzumab|Biological: pertuzumab	NCT02060253
55	89ZrTrastuzumab Breast Imaging With Positron Emission Tomography	Drug: Epothilone D|Drug: Herceptin	NCT02065609
56	Ruxolitinib in Combination With Trastuzumab in Metastatic HER2 Positive Breast Cancer	Drug: Ruxolitinib|Drug: Trastuzumab	NCT02066532
57	Neoadjuvant TDM1 With Lapatinib and Abraxane Compared With Trastuzumab Plus Pertuzumab With Paclitaxel	Drug: paclitaxel plus trastuzumab	NCT02073487
58	TDM1 With Abraxane and Lapatinib for Metastatic HER2 Positive Breast Cancer	Drug: docetaxel + trastuzumab sc + pertuzumab|Drug: trastuzumab emtansin	NCT02073916
59	Strain Imaging in Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Trastuzumab	Drug: BMK120|Drug: Capecitabine|Drug: BYL719|Drug: Trastuzumab|Drug: Lapatinib	NCT02080390
60	A Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Enzalutamide With Trastuzumab in Subjects With Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Positive (HER2+), Androgen Receptor Positive (AR+) Metastatic or Locally Advanced Breast Cancer	Drug: enzalutamide|Drug: trastuzumab	NCT02091960
61	Cardiotoxicity in Metastatic Her 2 Positive Patients Treated With Trastuzumab ,Pertuzumab and Taxanes	Drug: Paclitaxel and carboplatin|Drug: Paclitaxel|Drug: Epirubicin and Paclitaxel	NCT02101879
62	A Phase III Trial Comparing Two Dose-dense, Dose-intensified Approaches (ETC and PM(Cb)) for Neoadjuvant Treatment of Patients With High-risk Early Breast Cancer (GeparOcto)	Drug: Trastuzumab emtansine	NCT02125344
63	Anti-PD-1 Monoclonal Antibody in Advanced, Trastuzumab-resistant, HER2-positive Breast Cancer	Drug: HBI-8000|Drug: Trastuzumab|Drug: Paclitaxel	NCT02129556
64	Phase I/IIa Trial of Gemcitabine Plus Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab in Previously Treated Metastatic HER2+ Breast Cancer	Drug: BIBW 2992|Drug: trastuzumab|Drug: vinorelbine|Drug: vinorelbine	NCT02139358
65	Everolimus, Letrozole and Trastuzumab in HR- and HER2/Neu-positive Patients	Other: 111In-Pertuzumab + SPECT-CT	NCT02152943
66	Open-Label Study Evaluating the Safety and Tolerability of LJM716, BYL719 and Trastuzumab in Patients With Metastatic HER2+ Breast Cancer	Drug: Lapatinib|Drug: Trastuzumab	NCT02167854
67	Carvedilol for the Prevention of Anthracycline/Anti-HER2 Therapy Associated Cardiotoxicity Among Women With HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Using Myocardial Strain Imaging for Early Risk Stratification	Biological: MGAH22	NCT02177175
68	An Open-Label Randomized Study to Investigate the Tolerability of Subcutaneous (SC) Trastuzumab Administration in Patients With HER2-Positive Early Breast Cancer (eBC) Using Either a Single-Use Injection Device or Manual Administration	Drug: HKI-272 (neratinib)|Drug: HKI-272 (neratinib)	NCT02194166
69	Evaluation of Biomarkers Associated With Response to Subsequent Therapies in Subjects With HER2-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer	Device: PICC|Device: PORT	NCT02213042
70	MM-302 Plus Trastuzumab vs. Chemotherapy of Physician's Choice Plus Trastuzumab in HER2-Positive Locally Advanced/Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients	Drug: MM-302|Drug: Gemcitabine|Drug: Capecitabine|Drug: Vinorelbine|Drug: Trastuzumab	NCT02213744
71	Neoadjuvant Trastuzumab and Letrozole for Postmenopausal Women	Drug: pertuzumab|Drug: pertuzumab|Drug: trastuzumab [Herceptin]|Drug: trastuzumab [Herceptin]|Drug: vinorelbine	NCT02214004
72	Copper Cu 64-DOTA-Trastuzumab PET in Predicting Response to Treatment With Ado-Trastuzumab Emtansine in Patients With Metastatic HER2 Positive Breast Cancer	Radiation: fludeoxyglucose F 18|Procedure: positron emission tomography|Procedure: computed tomography|Biological: trastuzumab|Radiation: copper Cu 64-DOTA-trastuzumab|Procedure: positron emission tomography|Biological: ado-trastuzumab emtansine|Other: laboratory biomarker analysis	NCT02226276
73	Phase 2 Study of Standard Chemotherapy With Trastuzumab, Plus or Minus Pertuzumab, for Pre-treated Metastatic Breast Cancer	Drug: Trastuzumab|Drug: Pertuzumab|Drug: Vinorelbine, Paclitaxel, Nab-Paclitaxel , Docetaxel, Capecitabine	NCT02229149
74	A Dose-Escalation Study Evaluating the Combination of Trastuzumab Emtansine (T-DM1) With Neratinib in Women With Metastatic HER2-Positive Breast Cancer	Drug: pegylated liposomal doxorubicin	NCT02236000
75	Cardiotoxicity Prevention in Breast Cancer Patients Treated With Anthracyclines and/or Trastuzumab	Drug: Neratinib|Drug: Fulvestrant|Drug: Trastuzumab	NCT02236806
76	Safety and QoL of Trastuzumab With Lapatinib or Chemiotherapy in MBC and HER2+ Patients Refractory to Anti HER2 Therapies	Drug: INCB007839 300mg BID|Drug: Trastuzumab|Drug: Vinorelbine	NCT02238509
77	Gemcitabine, Trastuzumab, and Pertuzumab in the Treatment of Metastatic HER2-Positive Breast Cancer After Prior Trastuzumab/Pertuzumab, or Pertuzumab Based Therapy	Drug: Everolimus|Drug: Placebo	NCT02252887
78	Cabozantinib +/- Trastuzumab In Breast Cancer Patients w/ Brain Metastases	Drug: Cabozantinib|Drug: Trastuzumab	NCT02260531
79	Can HER2 Targeted 89Zr-trastuzumab PET/CT Identify Unsuspected HER2 Positive Breast Cancer Metastases, Which Are Amenable to HER2 Targeted Therapy?	Radiation: 89Zr-trastuzumab|Device: PET/CT scan	NCT02286843
80	Phase II Trial of Combination Immunotherapy With NeuVax and Trastuzumab in High-risk HER2+ Breast Cancer Patients	Biological: NeuVax vaccine|Drug: Trastuzumab|Drug: GM-CSF	NCT02297698
81	An Observational Study of Herceptin SC Safety in Breast Cancer	Biological: HER2 CTL vaccine (plus trastuzumab)	NCT02305628
82	An Observational Study of Kadcyla Safety in Breast Cancer	Drug: Docetaxel|Drug: pertuzumab [Perjeta]|Drug: trastuzumab [Herceptin]	NCT02305641
83	Pembrolizumab and Monoclonal Antibody Therapy in Advanced Cancer	Other: Standard Dose Dense Doxorubucin and Cyclophosphomide|Other: Standard Doxorubucin and Cyclophosphomide|Other: Standard Docetaxel, Carboplatin, and Herceptin|Other: Standard Docetaxel, Doxorubucin and Cyclophosphomide|Other: Standard Docetaxel and Cyclophosphomide	NCT02318901
84	T-DM1+Pertuzumab in Pre-OP Early-Stage HER2+ BRCA	Drug: Herceptin|Drug: afatinib|Drug: trastuzumab|Drug: Herceptin|Drug: afatinib|Drug: afatinib	NCT02326974
85	Study of ASLAN001 in Combination With Capecitabine in MBC That Has Failed on Prior Trastuzumab	Drug: Herceptin™ (Her)|Drug: Herceptin™ (Her) + chemo	NCT02338245
86	Neoadjuvant Phase II Trial in Patients With T1c Operable, HER2-positive Breast Cancer According to TOP2A Status	Drug: Kadcyla (trastuzumab emtansine)	NCT02339532
87	Detect V / CHEVENDO (Chemo vs. Endo)	Drug: TAC chemotherapy|Drug: TC chemotherapy|Drug: Dose Dense AC or FEC100 followed by paclitaxel or docetaxel chemotherapy|Drug: TCH chemotherapy|Drug: T + trastuzumab followed by CEF + trastuzumab|Drug: Dose dense AC followed by T + trastuzumab|Drug: Dose dense AC followed by T + trastuzumab + pertuzumab|Drug: PTH followed by dose dense AC of FEC	NCT02344472
88	Neoadjuvant Hormonal Therapy Combined With Chemoimmunotherapy (Taxotere, Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab) in Patients With HER2-positive and ER-Positive Breast Cancer	Radiation: radiation therapy|Drug: Capecitabine|Drug: Trastuzumab|Drug: Paclitaxel	NCT02345772
89	A Multi-Center Study of Lapatinib in Patients With Trastuzumab-refractory Metastatic Breast Cancer	Drug: capecitabine [Xeloda]|Drug: Taxotere|Drug: Herceptin (HER2-neu positive patients only)|Drug: capecitabine [Xeloda]|Drug: Taxotere	NCT02362958
90	Phase Ib Dose-escalation Trial of Taselisib (GDC-0032) in Combination With Anti-HER2 Therapies in Participants With Advanced HER2+ Breast Cancer	Drug: GDC-0941|Drug: Trastuzumab|Drug: trastuzumab-MCC-DM1	NCT02390427
91	Dose-confirmation Study of ASLAN001 Combined With Weekly Paclitaxel and Carboplatin in Advanced Solid Tumours, Followed by a Study in Patients With Stage I-III HER2 Positive Breast Cancer	Drug: Myocet|Drug: Taxotere|Drug: Herceptin	NCT02396108
92	A Study Looking the Incidence and Severity of Diarrhea in Patients With Early-Stage HER2+ Breast Cancer Treated With Neratinib and Loperamide	Other: Blood, Echocardiography, and Questionnaire Timepoints for Anthracycline abd Trastuzumab|Other: Blood, Echocardiography and Questionnaire for Trastuzumab|Other: Blood, Echocardiography and Questionnaire for Anthracycline Regimen	NCT02400476
93	Phase IIIb Study to Evaluate the Safety and Tolerability of Herceptin SC With Perjeta and Docetaxel in Patients With HER2-positive Advanced Breast Cancer	Drug: Temsirolimus|Drug: Neratinib	NCT02402712
94	Preoperative Study With Trastuzumab, Pertuzumab and Letrozole in Patients With Breast Cancer Sensitive to Hormonal Therapy	Drug: bevacizumab|Drug: vinorelbine|Drug: trastuzumab	NCT02411344
95	Trastuzumab Emtansine in Treating Older Patients With Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Positive Stage I-III Breast Cancer	Biological: Trastuzumab Emtansine|Other: Questionnaire Administration|Other: Laboratory Biomarker Analysis|Other: Quality-of-Life Assessment	NCT02414646
96	Safety and Efficacy of Trastuzumab as Part of Breast Cancer Treatment Regimen	Drug: vinorelbine|Drug: carboplatin|Drug: trastuzumab	NCT02419742
97	Physical Activity Intervention on Myocardial Function in Patients With HER2 + Breast Cancer	Drug: lapatinib and capecitabine	NCT02433067
98	Breast Cancer Treatment Using Weekly Carboplatin + Paclitaxel With Pertuzumab + Trastuzumab (HER2+) or Bevacizumab (HER2-) in the Neoadjuvant Setting	Drug: trastuzumab|Drug: chemotherapy	NCT02436993
99	Cardiac Toxicity in Medical Treatment of Breast Cancer	Other: Cardiac MRI	NCT02440620
100	Safety Study of Pertuzumab (In Combination With Trastuzumab and Docetaxel) in Indian Patients With Breast Cancer	Drug: Gemcitabine|Drug: Carboplatin|Drug: Trastuzumab	NCT02445586
101	Study of Palbociclib and Trastuzumab With or Without Letrozole in HER2-positive Metastatic Breast Cancer	Drug: G-CSF|Drug: trastuzumab|Drug: vinorelbine|Drug: G-CSF|Drug: saline	NCT02448420
102	A Study of Liposomal Doxorubicin + Docetaxel + Trastuzumab + Metformin in Operable and Locally Advanced HER2 Positive Breast Cancer	Drug: Liposomal doxorubicin|Drug: Docetaxel|Drug: Trastuzumab|Drug: Metformin	NCT02488564
103	Margetuximab Plus Chemotherapy vs Trastuzumab Plus Chemotherapy in the Treatment of HER2+ Metastatic Breast Cancer	Drug: Trastuzumab, Pertuzumab, Ado-trastuzumab emtansine	NCT02492711
104	A Study on Neoadjuvant Therapy for Her-2 Positive Breast Cancer and the Prognosis by Detecting CTCs	Biological: recombinant interleukin-12|Biological: ABI-007/carboplatin/trastuzumab	NCT02510781
105	A Randomized, Open-label Phase III Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Pertuzumab Retreatment in Previously Pertuzumab, Trastuzuamb and Chemotherapy Treated Her2-Positive Metastatic Locally Advanced and Metastatic Breast Cancer(Study of Perjeta Re-treatment for Clinical Outcomes)	Drug: Doxorubicin|Drug: cyclophosphamide|Drug: paclitaxel|Drug: docetaxel|Drug: Trastuzumab|Drug: Pertuzumab	NCT02514681
106	Pertuzumab With High-Dose Trastuzumab in Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2)-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer (MBC) With Central Nervous System (CNS) Progression Post-Radiotherapy	Drug: Trastuzumab emtansine	NCT02536339
107	Long-term Outcome of HER2-amplified Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis	Other: Biopsy	NCT02560311
108	T-DM1 and Non-pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin in HER2-positive Metastatic Breast Cancer	Drug: E7389	NCT02562378
109	Neoadjuvant Response-guided Treatment of HER2 Positive Breast Cancer	Biological: trastuzumab|Drug: capecitabine|Drug: paclitaxel	NCT02568839
110	Super-selective Intra-arterial Cerebral Infusion of Trastuzumab for the Treatment of Cerebral Metastases of HER2/Neu Positive Breast Cancer	Drug: Zoledronic acid	NCT02571530
111	A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study in Patients With Early-Stage or Locally Advanced HER2-positive Breast Cancer to Evaluate Treatment With Trastuzumab + Pertuzumab + Docetaxel Compared With Trastuzumab + Placebo + Docetaxel	Drug: Epirubicin|Drug: Docetaxel|Drug: Capecitabine|Drug: Trastuzumab	NCT02586025
112	Neoadjuvant Nab-PTX and Trastuzumab for ER Negative and HER2 Positive Breast Cancer	Drug: nab-paclitaxel|Drug: Trastuzumab	NCT02598310
113	Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Atezolizumab in Combination With Trastuzumab Emtansine or With Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab in Participants With HER2-Positive Breast Cancer	Drug: Doxorubicin|Biological: Trastuzumab|Drug: Cyclophosphamide|Drug: Paclitaxel|Drug: Epirubicin|Drug: Docetaxel|Drug: Carboplatin|Drug: Fluorouracil	NCT02605915
114	Study of ONT-380 vs Placebo in Combo w/ Capecitabine & Trastuzumab in Patients w/ Metastatic HER2+ Breast Cancer	Drug: trastuzumab, docetaxel and carboplatin in dose dense regimen	NCT02614794
115	Assessment for Long-Term Cardiovascular Impairment Associated With Trastuzumab Cardiotoxicity in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Survivors	Drug: Lapatinib|Drug: Doxorubicin|Drug: Cyclophosphamide|Drug: Docetaxel|Drug: pegfilgrastim|Drug: filgrastim|Drug: dexamethasone|Drug: trastuzumab	NCT02615054
116	PErsonalized TREatment of High-risk MAmmary Cancer - the PETREMAC Trial	Drug: Trastuzumab	NCT02624973
117	Adjuvant Trastuzumab, Pertuzumab Plus Docetaxel in the Treatment of Early HER2-positive Breast Cancer	Drug: Pertuzumab|Drug: Trastuzumab	NCT02625441
118	Pertuzumab in First Line Treatment of HER2-positive Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients	Drug: lapatinib|Drug: carboplatin|Drug: trastuzumab|Drug: paclitaxel	NCT02642458
119	microRNA of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 （HER2）Positive Patient Treated With Herceptin	Other: Blood test	NCT02656589
120	An Open-Label, Phase Ib/II Clinical Trial Of Cdk 4/6 Inhibitor, Ribociclib (Lee011), In Combination With Trastuzumab Or T-Dm1 For Advanced/Metastatic Her2-Positive Breast Cancer.	Drug: Durvalumab|Drug: Trastuzumab	NCT02657343
121	Trial of Neoadjuvant Trastuzumab Emtansine in Patients With HER2-Equivocal Breast Cancer	Drug: Trastuzumab emtansine	NCT02725541

Cancer diagnosis and chemotherapy Part-2 (AIDS Related Cancers)

Part-1 of series focused on diagnosis method for 12 most common cancer types. In the present series we have discussed about the other forms of cancers.  For the easement of reading about the cancer diagnosis procedure we have divided the series in segments. In this part of this series we will be discussing about AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) related cancer. There are three cancers that commonly occurs due to AIDS such as a) Kaposi Sarcoma, b)AIDS related lymphoma and c) Cervical cancer. Figure 1 shows incidence rates of all three types of AIDS related cancers. It indicates that NHL

Figure 1:  Incidence Rate of AIDS related cancers

a) Kaposi Sarcoma

Kaposi sarcoma is cancer where cells lining lymphs or blood vessels. It is marked by formation of black or purple colored lesions on skin or soft tissues. They usually appear on face and legs. These lesions are painful and swells. It is also possible to have such lesions/ tumors on soft tissues like mouth, lungs, digestive track or lymph nodes. There are different forms of Kaposi Sarcoma  that are divided by American Association Of Cancer based on the region they are formed viz. Epidemic AIDS related Kaposi Sarcoma, Mediterranean Kaposi Sarcoma, Endemic Kaposi Sarcoma, and Transplant related Kaposi Sarcoma. However, the Kaposi Sarcoma cells remain similar.

b) AIDS related Lymphoma

Lymphoma cancer is a type of problem cased due to uncontrolled growth of cells in lymph nodes. There are two types of lymphomas a) Hodgkin and b) Non-hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). People with Hodgkin lymphoma have abnormally large lymphocytes in lymph nodes. People with Hodgkin lymphoma can be cured easily. Whereas, Diagnosis method and treatment for NHL was discussed previously here. 

c) Cervical cancer

It is a cancer of cervix in females. The cells in cervix do not choiange suddenly change to cancerous. They convert to precancerous such as i) cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), ii) squamous intraepithelal lesion (SIL) and iii) dysplasia. These precancerous conditions changes to squamous cell carcinoma (where exocervix joins endocervix) and adenocarcinoma (mucus producing cells of endocervix). Cervical adenocarcinoma is most common type of cancers.

Table 1: Diagnosis & Therapy of AIDS Related Cancer

Cancer Type	Tissue Biopsy	Blood Tests	Biomarker and Gene mutation Tests	Urine Test	Imaging Tests	Other Tests
Kaposi Sarcoma	Punch biopsy for skin lesion	NA	NA	NA	X-Rays	NA
	Excisional biopsy if entire lesion is removed				Bronchosopy
	Bronchosopy or endoscopy is done for biopsy of lungs and intestines				Upper endoscopy
					Colonoscopy
					Capsulescopy
					Double balloon enteroscopy
Hodgkin Lymphoma	Excisional or incisional biopsy of lymph node (microscopic identification of Reed-Sternber cells)	NA	CD15 and CD30 positive on surface of Reed-Sternberg cells	NA	NA	NA
	Fine needle aspiration (FNA) or core needle biopsy
	Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL)	Discussed Previously
Cervical Cancer	Pap Test	NA	NA	NA	Cystoscopy, proctoscopy, and examination under anesthesia	NA
	Colposcopic biopsy				MRI
	Endocervical curettage				CT Scan
	Cone biopsy				Chest X-ray
					Intravenous Urography

Table 2: Chemotherapy for AIDS related cancers

Cancer	Chemotherapy	Side Effects
Kaposi Sarcoma	Doxorubicin	Weaknening of heart muscles causing decrease in blood pumping capacity
	Daunorubicin
	Paclitaxel	Peripheral neuropathy, allergic reactions, low blood counts, low blood pressure
	Gemcitabine	flu like symptoms, fatigue, blood or protein in urine
	Vinorelbine	Muscle weakness
	Vinblastine	Fever,extreme fatigue, black or tarry stools, chest pain, presistant headache, urinary retention
	Vincristine	Abdominal cramps, peripheral neuropathy, severe abdominal pain, constipation
	Etoposide	Menopause, loss of fertility, peripheral neuropathy
Hodgkin Lymphoma	Doxorubicin	DISCUSSED PREVIOUSLY
	Vinblastine	DISCUSSED PREVIOUSLY
	Dacarbazine	Slight risk of leukemia, fever, low blood counts leading to increased the risk of anemia
	Etoposide	Menopause, loss of fertility, peripheral neuropathy
	Cyclophosphamide	Loss of fertility, discoloration of nails
	Procarbazine	low platelet and white blood cell counts
	Prednisone	Increased apetite, insomnia, heartburn, muscle weakness
	Mechlorethamine	Ringing sensation in ears, taste change, increased uric acid levels
	Vincristine	DISCUSSED PREVIOUSLY
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL)
Cervical Cancer	Cisplatin	Peripheral neuropathy (nerve damage)
	5-fluorouracil	Cardiovascular problems
	Carboplatin	Peripheral neuropathy, central toxicity, hearing loss, infection
	Paclitaxel	DISCUSSED PREVIOUSLY
	Gemcitabine	DISCUSSED PREVIOUSLY
	Docetaxel	Pain and buring sensation in hand and feet, sensitivity to cold and heat
	Ifosfamide	Neurotoxicity and there is a risk of developing leukemia
	Mitomycin	Pulmonary fibrosis, pneumonitis, hemolytic uremic syndrome
	Irinotecan	Heart burn, dehydration, head ache, flatulence

Insilico Medicine launches Aging.AI -- deep-learned predictor of age trained on blood tests

Insilico Medicine launches Aging.AI -- deep-learned predictor of age trained on blood tests: Insilico Medicine launched aging.AI, a system allowing users to guess their age and gender by entering the results of their blood test.

Chemotherapy for Most Common Cancers- Part 1

In part-1 of this series we are focusing on drugs that are used for most common cancer types that are discussed in our most viewed piece "Clinical Diagnosis of Cancer or Cancers"

Figure 1: Commonly diagnosed cancers. It shows estimated cases and
deaths due to these cancers

In our previous discussions, we showed how Oncofinder service introduced by Insilco Inc and Pathway Pharmaceutical helps in identification of chemotherapy drugs for patients on personalised basis. This se
rvice is accessible to patients and doctors. In addition we observed that in many cancer discussion forums there is a great confusion and anxiety about the use of correct chemotherapy.

Moreover, there were flooded with following questions:

a) What type chemotherapy to be used for breast cancer, pancreatic cancer etc.?

b) If "A" molecule worked for a specific person will it work in my case?

c) What are the specific side effect or toxicity of drug?

Figure 2: Word Cloud for Chemotherapy Drugs

d) Is there any alternative to "drug A" if it does not work in a cancer condition?

e) What are the new drugs introduced for cancer therapy?

To answer all these questions we have compiled a list of drugs that are being used for most common type of cancers in table 1. Further, we have also linked it to reliable sources so that readers can cross refer to the authenticated links for more details about side effects and pharmacology of the drugs used. Readers can also click on cancer types to locate the details of the therapies recommended for cancer type.


Most commonly seen side effects of chemotherapy are

a) Weight loss
b) Gastrointestinal abnormalities like diarrhoea and constipation
c) Hair loss
d) Severe muscles fatigue
e) Nausea and vomiting
f) loss of appetite
g) Rashes

In addition to this there are some serious and less common toxicities for specific drugs. We have listed them in the table 1. Readers can also cross check them by clicking on the drug type.

Table 1: Chemotherapy Drug and Its Side Effects

Cancer	Chemotherapy Molecules/ Drugs	Severe Side Effects
Bladder	Fluorouracil (5-FU)	Cardiovascular problems
	Mitomycin	Pulmonary fibrosis, pneumonitis, hemolytic uremic syndrome
	Cisplatin	Peripheral neuropathy (nerve damage)
	Carboplatin	Peripheral neuropathy, central toxicity, hearing loss, infection
	Docetaxel	Pain and buring sensation in hand and feet, sensitivity to cold and heat
	Doxorubicin	Weaknening of heart muscles causing decrease in blood pumping capacity
	Vinblastin
	Ifosfamide (Ifex ®)	Neurotoxicity and there is a risk of developing leukemia
	Permetrexed (ALIMTA ®)	Low blood platelet count, flu like symptoms, depression, increase in blood creatinine level
Breast Cancer	Docetaxel ( Taxotere®)	DISCUSSED PREVIOUSLY
	Paclitaxel	Peripheral neuropathy, allergic reactions, low blood counts, low blood pressure
	Cisplatin and Carboplatin	DISCUSSED PREVIOUSLY
	Vinorelbine	Muscle weakness
	Capecitabine (Xeloda®)	Elevated liver enzymes, hand and foot syndrome (Palmar plantar erythrodysesthesia-PPE)
	Doxorubicin	DISCUSSED PREVIOUSLY
	Gemcitabine	flu like symptoms, fatigue, blood or protein in urine
	Mitoxantrone	Arrythmia, low blood pressure, blue/green discoloration of whites of eyes/ or urine for 1-2 days after treatment
	Ixabepilone	Peripheral neuropathy, weakness, joint pain
	Eribulin (Halaven ®)	Constipation, muscle pain
	Trastuzumab (Herceptin ®)	Infection, cold symptoms, body pain
	Pertuzumab (Perjeta™)	Decreased apetite, fever, muscle weakness, weight gain, upper respiratory track infection
Colon Rectal Cancer	5-FU	DISCUSSED PREVIOUSLY
	Capecitabine (Xeloda®)	DISCUSSED PREVIOUSLY
	Irinotecan (Camptosar®)	Heart burn, dehydration, head ache, flatulence
	Oxaliplatin	Peripheral neuropathy, diarrhea
	Trifluridin	Neuropathy
Endometrial Cancer	Paclitaxel	DISCUSSED PREVIOUSLY
	Carboplatin	DISCUSSED PREVIOUSLY
	Doxorubicin (Adriamycin ®)	DISCUSSED PREVIOUSLY
	Doxorubicin liposome (Doxil ®)	DISCUSSED PREVIOUSLY
	Cisplatin	DISCUSSED PREVIOUSLY
	Ifosfamide (Ifex ®)	DISCUSSED PREVIOUSLY
		DISCUSSED PREVIOUSLY
Kidney Cancer	Vinblastine	Fever,extreme fatigue, black or tarry stools, chest pain, presistant headache, urinary retention
	Floxuridine	Stomach ulcers, elevated liver enzyme, PPE, yellowing of skin and eyes
	5-FU	DISCUSSED PREVIOUSLY
	Capecitabine	DISCUSSED PREVIOUSLY
	Gemcitabine	DISCUSSED PREVIOUSLY
	Interferone alpha (Intron® A, Roferon®-A )	Flu like symptoms, fatigue and low blood counts, injection site reaction, liver damage
	Nivolumab (Opdivo)	Lymphocytopenia, low sodium, potassium, magnesium levels, shortness of breath, pneumonia,
	Interleukin 2 (IL-2)	Extreme fatigue, low BP, kidney damage, heart attacks, intestinal bleeding, rapid heart beat
	Soforanib (Nexavar ®)	PPE, high BP, bleeding, increased heart rate, shortness of breath
	Sunitinib (Sutent ®)	Heart burn, hypertesnsion, increased liver enzyme
	Temsirolimus (Torisel ®)	Hyperglycemia, increased cholesterol levels, increased liver enzymes, black tarry stools, constipation
	Everolimus (Afinitor ®)	Anemia, increased cholesterol and triglycerides, black tarry stools
	Bevacizumab (Avastin ®)	Upper respiratory track infection, proteinuria, gastrointestinal perforations, fistula, hemorrhage, congestive heart failure
	Pazopanib (Votrient ®)	Hypertension, elevated liver enzymes, bilirubin, extreme fatigue
	Axitinib (Iniyta ®)	High bloood pressure, kidney disfunction
Leukemia (Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia)	Fludarabine (Fludara ®)	Increased risk of infection
	Pentostatin (Nipent ®)	Easy bruising or bleeding
	Cladribine (2-CdA, Leustatin ®)	Fatigue
	Chlorambucil (Leukeran ®)	Tumor lysis syndrome
	Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan ®)	Loss of fertility, discoloration of nails
	Rituximab (Rituxan ®)	Pharyngitis
	Bendamustine (Treanda ®)	Infertiliy, yellow of skin or eyes
	Prednisone	Increased apetite, insomnia, heartburn, muscle weakness
	Methylprednisolone	Almost similar to prednisone
	Dexamethasone	Almost similar to prednisone
	Doxorubicin (Adriamycin ®)	DISCUSSED PREVIOUSLY
	Methotrexate	Alopecia, skin photosensitivity, kidney toxicity
	Oxaloplatin	Peripheral neuropathy
	Vincristine (Oncovin ®)	Abdominal cramps, peripheral neuropathy, severe abdominal pain, constipation
	Etoposide (VP-16)	Menopause, loss of fertility, peripheral neuropathy
	Cytarabine (ara-C)	Skin Rash, blurred visions, dry eyes heart palpitations, chest pain, difficulty to pass urine
Leukemia (Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia)	Vincristine (Oncovin ®) or Liposomal vincristine (Marqibo ®)	DISCUSSED PREVIOUSLY
	Daunorubicin (Daunomycin or Cerubidine ®) or Doxorubicin (Adriamycin ®)	DISCUSSED PREVIOUSLY
	Cytarabine (Cytocine arabinoside, ara-C or Cytosar ®)	DISCUSSED PREVIOUSLY
	L-asparaginase (Elspar ®) or PEG-L-asparaginase (pegaspargase or Oncaspar ®)	DISCUSSED PREVIOUSLY
	Etoposide (VP-16)	DISCUSSED PREVIOUSLY
	Teniposide (Vumon ®)	Infection, shortness of breath, swelling of facial features, rapid heart beat
	6-mercaptopurine (6-MP or Purinethol ®)	Losss of fertility, hyperpigmentation
	Methotrexate	DISCUSSED PREVIOUSLY
	Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan ®)	DISCUSSED PREVIOUSLY
	Prednisone	DISCUSSED PREVIOUSLY
	Dexamethasone (Decadrone ®)	DISCUSSED PREVIOUSLY
		DISCUSSED PREVIOUSLY
Leukemia (Chronic Myeloid Leukemia)	Hydroxy urea (hydroxycarbamate, Hydrea ®)	Discoloration of skin and nails, fertiilty may be affected
	Cytarabine (Ara-C)	DISCUSSED PREVIOUSLY
	Imatinib (Gleevec ®)	Risk of anemia, hemorrhage, heartburn, fertiility may be affected, elevation of transaminase, bilirubin and lactate dehydrogenase
	Busulfan	Lung Damage
	Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan ®)	DISCUSSED PREVIOUSLY
	Vincristin (Oncovin ®)	DISCUSSED PREVIOUSLY
	Omacetaxine (Synribo ®)	Thromocyteopenia, neutropenia, kidney problems, fever
Non Small Cell Lung Cancer	Cisplatin	DISCUSSED PREVIOUSLY
	Carboplatin	DISCUSSED PREVIOUSLY
	Paclitaxel (Taxol ®)	DISCUSSED PREVIOUSLY
	Albumin- bound Paclitaxel (nab-Paclitaxel, Abraxane ®)	DISCUSSED PREVIOUSLY
	Docetaxel (Taxotere ®)	DISCUSSED PREVIOUSLY
	Gemcitabine (Gemzar ®)	DISCUSSED PREVIOUSLY
	Vinorelbine (Navelbine ®)	DISCUSSED PREVIOUSLY
	Irinotecan (Camptosar ®)	DISCUSSED PREVIOUSLY
	Etoposide (VP- 16 ®)	DISCUSSED PREVIOUSLY
	Vinblastine	DISCUSSED PREVIOUSLY
	Pemetrexed (Alimta ®)	Anemia, increased risk of infection, flu like symptoms, fertility problems
	Bevacizumab (Avastine ®)	DISCUSSED PREVIOUSLY
	Cetuximab (Erbitux ®)	Hypersenstivity reactions like shortness of breath, difficulty breathing
Melanoma Cancer	Dacarbazine (also called DTIC)	Slight risk of leukemia, fever, low blood counts leading to increased the risk of anemia
	Temozolomide	Central neurotoxicity, edema, shortness of breath and other allergic reactions
	Nab-paclitaxel	DISCUSSED PREVIOUSLY
	Paclitaxel	DISCUSSED PREVIOUSLY
	Carmustine (also known as BCNU)	Anemia, low blood pressure, retinal bleeding, pulmonary toxicity, slight risk of blood cancer in long run
	Cisplatin	DISCUSSED PREVIOUSLY
	Carboplatin	DISCUSSED PREVIOUSLY
	Vinblastine	DISCUSSED PREVIOUSLY
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma	Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan®)	DISCUSSED PREVIOUSLY
	Chlorambucil	Risk of infection, anemia, leukemia, infertility, pulmonary toxicity
	Bendamustine (Treanda®)	DISCUSSED PREVIOUSLY
	Ifosfamide (Ifex®)	DISCUSSED PREVIOUSLY
	Prednisone	DISCUSSED PREVIOUSLY
	Dexamethasone (Decadron®)	DISCUSSED PREVIOUSLY
	Cisplatin	DISCUSSED PREVIOUSLY
	Carboplatin	DISCUSSED PREVIOUSLY
	Oxaliplatin	DISCUSSED PREVIOUSLY
	Fludarabine (Fludara®)	Lung problems, infections, anemia
	Pentostatin (Nipent®)	Muscle ache, itching, cough, anorexia, upper respiratory track infection
	Cladribine (2-CdA, Leustatin®)	Anemia, myelosuppression, neutropenic fever
	Cytarabine (ara-C)	DISCUSSED PREVIOUSLY
	Gemcitabine (Gemzar®)	DISCUSSED PREVIOUSLY
	Methotrexate	DISCUSSED PREVIOUSLY
	Pralatrexate (Folotyn®)	Decreased white blood cells, elevated liver enzyme, abdominal pain, upper respiratory track infection, shortness breath
Pancreatic Cancer	Gemcitabine (Gemzar®)	DISCUSSED PREVIOUSLY
	5-FU	DISCUSSED PREVIOUSLY
	Irinotecan (Camptosar®)	DISCUSSED PREVIOUSLY
	Oxaliplatin (Eloxatin®)	DISCUSSED PREVIOUSLY
	Albumin-bound paclitaxel (Abraxane®)	DISCUSSED PREVIOUSLY
	Capecitabine (Xeloda®)	DISCUSSED PREVIOUSLY
	Cisplatin	DISCUSSED PREVIOUSLY
	Paclitaxel (Taxol®)	DISCUSSED PREVIOUSLY
	Docetaxel (Taxotere®)	DISCUSSED PREVIOUSLY
	Irinotecan liposome (Onivyde®)	DISCUSSED PREVIOUSLY
	Erlotinib (Tarceva®)	Shortness of breath, coughing, infection, eye irritation
	Octreotide (Sandostatin®)	Flu like syndrome, abdominal pain, constipation, flu-like syndrome
	Lanreotide (Somatuline® Depot),	Anemia, effects blood sugar levels
Prostate Cancer	Docetaxel (Taxotere®)	Allergic reactions and peripheral neuropathy
	Cabazitaxel (Jevtana®)	Allergic reactions and peripheral neuropathy
	Mitoxantrone (Novantrone®)	Can cause leukemia several years later
	Estramustine (Emcyt®)	Increased risk of blood clot formation
	Doxorubicin (Adriamycin®)	DISCUSSED PREVIOUSLY
	Etoposide (VP-16)	DISCUSSED PREVIOUSLY
	Vinblastine (Velban®)	DISCUSSED PREVIOUSLY
	Paclitaxel (Taxol®)	DISCUSSED PREVIOUSLY
	Carboplatin (Paraplatin®)	DISCUSSED PREVIOUSLY
	Vinorelbine (Navelbine®)	DISCUSSED PREVIOUSLY
Thyroid Cancer	Tositumomab and Radioactive Iodine (RAI) (Bexxar ®)	Low blood pressure, cough, soar throat, hyopthyrodism, aches and pain
	thyroid hormone (levothyroxine) pills	Extreme fatigue, chest pain, eye pain, dizziness